India’s shift to electric mobility is likely to follow a very different path from Europe and the US, where passenger cars dominate the transition. In India, two-wheelers and auto-rickshaws are expected to lead the early phase of electrification, followed by buses and passenger cars. This diverse vehicle mix means India’s demand for batteries, charging infrastructure and critical minerals will evolve in stages.
The shift could significantly increase demand for lithium, copper, nickel and cobalt. Slow-charging infrastructure could grow six to nine times by 2030, driven largely by electric two- and three-wheelers, while fast chargers are expected to expand alongside the growing electric car market. As car ownership continues to rise, battery and mineral demand could become increasingly intensive even as overall vehicle growth stabilises.
The bigger challenge for India will be securing the minerals needed to power this transition. A long-term strategy could include partnerships with resource-rich nations, overseas mining investments, better battery recycling and greater use of alternative technologies. At the same time, strengthening domestic refining, processing and battery manufacturing could help India reduce supply-chain risks and capture more value from its EV revolution.
